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阻抗消聲器利用布置在管內壁的吸聲材料或吸聲結構，依靠吸聲材料的孔隙，使聲波在其中引起空氣和材料振動而產生摩擦及黏滯阻力，將聲能轉化為熱能而被吸收，使沿管道傳播的噪聲迅速衰減。

阻性型消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器對(dui)中、高頻噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效果較好(hao)(hao)影響(xiang)阻性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器性能的(de)因(yin)素有：吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材料(liao)的(de)種類(lei)、吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)層(ceng)厚度(du)及(ji)密度(du)、氣(qi)流通道斷面形狀及(ji)大小、氣(qi)流速度(du)及(ji)消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器長度(du)。吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材料(liao)的(de)吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能用(yong)吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)數(shu)α來表示，它是(shi)材料(liao)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能與入(ru)射聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能的(de)比值，吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)數(shu)越(yue)大，吸(xi)(xi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性能越(yue)好(hao)(hao)。阻性消(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器有管(guan)式(shi)、片式(shi)、格式(shi)(蜂窩式(shi))、折(zhe)板式(shi)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)流式(shi)、小室式(shi)以及(ji)彎頭(tou)等(deng)。